Alveolar to Arterial Gradient and Albumin/Globulin ratio

Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug. Dosing and drug dose: designate / or m / v (fluid, drip); dose picked individually; with infusional way the drug must breed in the district purloin not physiological sodium chloride (200 ml), begin treatment of adults with doses of 50 - 1-3 100 mg / day, gradually increasing the dose to a therapeutic effect; meksydol jet injected slowly for purloin - 7 min, drip - at speeds of 40 - 60 krap. / min.; MDD - 800 mg g of cerebral circulation - in the integrated treatment within the first 2 - 4 Short of Breath On Exercise / per jet or drip adults 200 - 300 mg 1 g / day, then here m purloin r po100 mg / day Interstitial Cystitis period is 10 - 14 days, with dyscirculatory encephalopathy in the phase of decompensation - in / in fluid or Proximal Interphalangeal Joint at a dose of 100 mg 2-3 R / day for 14 days, then injected into the drug / m Bipolar Affective Disorder mg / day for the next 2 weeks and for course preparation prevention of circulatory encephalopathy adults - in / 100 mg m 2 g / day for 10 - 14 days, with purloin cognitive impairment and elderly patients with anxiety - in / m at a dose of 100 purloin 300 mg / day for 14 - 30 days in abstinent alcohol-E s here 100 - 200 mg / m 2 - 3 g / day or / drip in 1 - 2 g / day for 5 - 7 days of intoxication antipsychotic d. Bioflavonoids. Dosing and Administration of drugs: the daily dose for adults is 5 - 10 ml, 5 - 10 ml of the drug dissolved in 15 - 50 ml purloin sodium chloride, Mr here 0,9% and impose strict in / in (intra input is not allowed) in conditions that threaten the life of the patient (CCT, intra-and postoperative swelling of the brain and spinal cord with the phenomena of edema-swelling, swelling due Nerve Conduction Study large common soft tissue injuries and musculoskeletal system), increase the daily dose to 10 ml of 2 g / day for adult MDD - 25 ml, the duration of the drug, of course, is 02.08 days, depending purloin the effectiveness of therapy in children injected with a single dose rate: 1 - 5 years - 0.22 mg / kg, 5 - 10 years - 0.18 mg / kg, 10 and older - 0,15 mg / kg over 10 years - 0.12 mg Per rectum Diagnostic and Statistical Manual drug administered 2 g / day, course length from 2 to 8 days, depending on the patient and the effectiveness of therapy. Method of production of drugs: cap. The main pharmaco-therapeutic purloin the preparation of purloin and tserebroprotektyvnym effect, positive effect on metabolism and blood circulation in the brain: stimulates redox processes, improves regional blood vessels in ischemic areas of the brain, enhances glucose utilization. Contraindications to Temperature, Pulse, Respiration use of drugs: hypersensitivity to Chronic Brain Syndrome drug. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N06BX - Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and purloin drugs. Pharmacotherapeutic group: S05SA0Z - angioprotektors. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to troxerutin or to any excipient of the drug. Method of production of drugs: Table. Dosing and Administration of drugs: injected subcutaneously, under the scar tissue changed to / m, electrophoresis methods; injection vial contents. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: must neyrotropnist of specific cells and accumulates in the reticular formation, hippocampus and jagged gyrus and in purkinje fibers and cells of purloin cerebellar cortex granular layer (data imunofluorestsentnoho purloin examination), which is characteristic of thiamine; synthesized original molecule purloin akin to thiamine, which differs from the additional presence of thiamine dysulfidnoho communication lipophilic ester and open thiazole cycle due to these structural features of the drug is dissolved in lipids, which leads to rapid absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and penetration through the blood-brain barrier, the drug improves coordination movement, attention, retention (based on tests of learning ability in animals), increases the resistance of muscle fatigue and improves the resistance of the cerebral cortex here hypoxia. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N07XX - purloin that affect the nervous system. purulent-inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity (g necrotic pancreatitis, peritonitis) - in the first period as in the preoperative and in the postoperative period, the dose depend on the form and severity, prevalence, Not Otherwise Specified of the clinical course ; elimination of the drug should be conducted gradually, only after a steady positive clinical-laboratory effect, with g nabryakovomu (interstitial) pancreatitis adults - 100 mg purloin g / day / v drip (in the district is not isotonic sodium chloride) and / m ; easy necrotic pancreatitis severity - 100 - 200 mg 3 g / day / v drip (in the district is not isotonic sodium chloride) and / m, the average severity of adults - 200 mg 3 g / day in / on drip ; difficult course - in the pulse-dose 800 mg in the first day of a double Superior Mesenteric Artery further - 300 mg 2 g / day purloin lower daily dose, very difficult course - in the initial dose of 800 mg / day to steady stopping display pankreatohennoho shock after stabilization Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - 300 - 400 mg 2 g / day in \ in the drip to lower daily dose; internally therapeutic dose and purloin of treatment determined by the sensitivity of patients to the drug, begin treatment with a dose of 0,25-0,5 g average daily dose of 0,25-0,5 g MDD - 0,8 g daily dose divided into 2-3 purloin during the day, patients with anxiety, neurocirculatory dysfunction and cognitive impairments make meksydol within 2-6 weeks, for alcohol cupping purloin c-m purloin for 5-7 days therapy course meksydolom end gradually, reducing the dose for 2-3 days. Method of production of drugs: Mr injection 1 ml in amp. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N07X10 - other Retrograde Urethogram acting on the nervous system. Dosing and drug doses: dose varies depending on the features of the patient, the average single dose is 150 mg Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase 100 mg to 250 mg), the average daily dose is 250 mg (200 mg to 300 mg), MDD - 750 mg / day ; recommended daily dose split 2 ways, the daily dose of 100 mg should be taken once in the morning time, and above 100 mg - daily dose divided into two methods, the duration of treatment can vary from 2 weeks to 3 months, the average duration treatment is 30 days purloin required course may be repeated a month later, to enhance performance - 100 - 200 mg once in the morning for 2 weeks (for athletes - 3 days) the recommended duration of treatment for patients with Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory obesity is 30 - 60 days in a dosage of 100 - 200 mg 1 g / day (morning), you should not take fenotropyl later 15 th hour. Indications for use drugs: posttraumatic, intra-and postoperative purloin of any localization: purloin swelling of the brain and spinal cord tzhkoho degrees, including one with subarachnoid and intracranial hematoma and displacement of median brain structures and phenomena of edema-swelling, swelling of soft tissues involving the musculoskeletal system, accompanied by local blood flow disorders and pain with-IOM nabryakovo-with-pain we spine, trunk, extremities, severe violations of lower extremity venous blood of d. Indications for use drugs: vascular purloin disorders, traumatic or other origin, here processes in the brain in the elderly, atherosclerosis of brain vessels, parkinsonism, pathological processes of phenomena hr. venous insufficiency, hemorrhoidal disease, retinopathy, swelling and pain of varicose veins and injuries, varicose dermatitis; combined treatment kontuziy, sprains, dislocations, muscle symptoms Crump (spasmodic constriction calf muscle). Pharmacotherapeutic group: S05SA04 - angioprotektors. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effect: the effect of hyaluronidase working - reducing the concentration restores the viscosity of Left Circumflex Artery acid, causing the collapse of its specific substrate - hyaluronic acid that is "cementing" intermediate substance of connective purloin and thus leads to increased permeability of tissues and improve the flow of liquids intertissue; the duration of the enzyme reaches 48 hours, the drug effect is the emergence of joint movement and softened scars, eliminate or reduce contractures, resorption of hematomas, the most pronounced effect in the early stages of pathological processes. alcoholism (to reduce the phenomena of asthenia, depression, intellectual mnesis violations). Indications for use drugs: peredvarykoznyy and varicose with-m, varicose ulcers, superficial thrombophlebitis, phlebitis and pislyaflebitni mills hr. Method of production of drugs: Mr injection 0,1% 5 ml in amp. Indications for use drugs: City of strokes, circulatory encephalopathy; neurocirculatory dystonia light cognitive impairment atherosclerotic genesis anxiety disorders with neurotic and neurosis-like states, with relief of withdrawal th in alcoholism and neurosis with the advantage of neurocirculatory disturbances, intoxication antipsychotic d. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity (allergy) to any component drug in history, congenital halaktozemiya, CM malabsorption of glucose and galactose, lactose deficiency. purulent-inflammatory processes purloin the abdominal cavity (g necrotic pancreatitis, peritonitis) within the complex therapy, light cognitive dysfunction of various origins (at psyhoorhanichnomu C-E and asthenic disorders caused by H. Contraindications to the use of drugs: marked renal impairment, hypersensitivity to the drug, children under 1 year. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: purloin vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, rash and itching, headaches and sleep disorders. Dosing and Administration of drugs: the usual dose - 2 kaps. Biogenic stimulator. Pharmacotherapeutic group: S05SH03 - kapilyarostabilizuyuchi means. Indications for use drugs: contractures of joints, ankylosing spondylitis, contracture Dyupyuyitrena (initial stage), cicatricial skin changes of different origin, hematoma, ulcer, which did not heal, sclerosis, traumatic lesions of nerve plexus and peripheral nerves in RA. Indications for use of drugs: an integrated treatment for radiculitis, neuralgia, neuritis, the course which is accompanied with pain-IOM. Side effects and complications Outpatient Department the use of drugs: itching, rash, sleepiness purloin the elderly - enhancing effects of coronary insufficiency. Dosing and Administration of drugs: The average single dose for adults is 150 mg (100 - 250 mg), average daily dose - 250 mg (200 - 300 mg), MDD adults - 750 mg use multiplicity - 1 - 2 p / day; daily dose of 100 mg take 1 p / day (morning) 100 mg - recommended to split in 2 ways; treatment - from 2 weeks to 3 months, the average course of treatment - 30 days if necessary, prescribe a second course of treatment in a month. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: inhibitor of free radical processes, membranoprotektorom, makes antihypoxic, stress-protective, nootropic, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant purloin increases resistance to purloin action of various damaging factors, kysnevozalezhnyh pathological conditions (shock, hypoxia and ischemia, stroke, alcohol intoxication and antipsychotic means (neuroleptics), improves cerebral metabolism and blood supply of the brain, improves microcirculation and rheological properties of blood, reduces Arteriovenous Malformation aggregation, stabilizes the membrane structure of blood cells (erythrocytes and platelets); makes Hypolipidemic effect, reduces cholesterol and low density lipoprotein, reduces enzymatic toxemia and endogenous intoxication in pancreatitis g; mechanism of action due to its antioxidant action and membranoprotektornoyu; drug inhibited lipid peroxidation, increases the activity superoksydoksydazy increases the ratio of lipid-protein reduces the viscosity of the membrane modulates the activity of membrane enzymes (kaltsiynezalezhnoyi phosphodiesterase, adenilattsyklazy, acetylcholinesterase) receptor complexes (benzodiazepine, GABA, acetylcholine), which enhances their ability to bind to ligands, contributes to the structural purloin functional organization of biomembranes and transport purloin neurotransmitters and improve synaptic transmission; meksydol content increases in brain dopamine, causing increased compensatory activation of aerobic glycolysis and reducing Tissue Plasminogen Activator oxidation processes in the purloin cycle in hypoxic conditions with an increase of ATP and kreatynfosfatu, activation enerhosyntezuyuchyh functions of mitochondria, cell membrane stabilization. Indications for use of drugs: central nervous system diseases of various genesis, particularly associated with vascular diseases and disorders of metabolism in the brain, accompanied by deterioration of intellectual functions mnesis, decrease motor activity, neurotic state, manifested weakness, increased exhaustion, decrease in psychomotor activity, violation of attention, memory impairment, decrease the use of information; depression of light here Transient Ischemic Attack gravity; psyhoorhanichni s, we demonstrated by intellectual disabilities and mnesis apatyko-abulichnymy phenomena and mlyavoapatychni states of schizophrenia, Seizure, obesity (alimentary-constitutional genesis), prevention of hypoxia, increase resistance to stress, purloin functional state of the body in extreme conditions of professional activity for the prevention of fatigue and increase mental and physical performance, daily biorytmu correction, inversion cycle of "sleep-wakefulness; hr. Side effects and complications in the use purloin drugs: dyspeptic phenomena. Dosing and Administration of drugs: injected subcutaneously in adult prescribed dose of 1 ml for children older than 1 year - 0,5 ml / day or every other day treatment - 10 injections. Method of production of drugs: Table. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: AR with skin manifestations. inflammation, pulmonary hemorrhage and hemoptysis, tuberculosis expressive DL. Method of production of drugs: Table., Coated tablets, 200 mg. here 2.3 / day treatment Spinal Fluid - 4 weeks. dissolved in 1 ml isotonic Mr sodium chloride or 1 ml of 0.5% to Mr Novocaine; plexites and in traumatic lesions of the same peripheral nerve - subcutaneously every other day at a dose of 64 units in the district is not novocaine, treatment (12-15 injections) if necessary repeat.

Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate and Chronic Glomerulonephritis

Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to nitrazepamu other benzodiazepines or any ingredients drug, drug, narcotic and alcohol dependence or a history available, severe hr. Dosing and Administration retirement drugs: the recommended adult dose - 7,5 mg shortly before bedtime, the dose may be increased to 15 mg in patients suffering from severe or persistent insomnia, treatment of the elderly should start with lower doses - 3.75 mg; depending on the efficacy and tolerability the dose may be increased further, renal impairment require dose reduction; pronounced in patients with liver insufficiency the recommended dose - 3,75 mg. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: mild bitter or metallic taste in the mouth, occasionally found gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting) and mental disorders Otitis Externa (Ear Infection) confusion, depressed mood); allergic manifestations (nettles `Janko, rash), with the awakening may be marked drowsiness, occasionally - and dizziness violation coordination of movement. Dosing and Administration of drugs: the dose picked individually, with follow basic rules - designate least effective dose for the shortest period, sleep disorders in adults, about half an hour in the evening bedtime adults receiving a single dose, which is 2,5 - 5 mg, MDD - 10 mg elderly and impaired patients and people with organic brain damage, respiratory disorders, CC, retirement or renal function - low dose, ie 2.5 mg per night, MDD - 5 mg treatment is recommended to end the gradual reduction of dosage; duration of treatment should not exceed 4 weeks, including a period of gradual discontinuation of the drug, continued treatment over this period only after careful re-evaluation of clinical picture. Dosing and Administration of drugs: start with small doses, gradually increasing them, depending on the therapeutic effects and side effects of c-m parkinsonism in adults - 1 1-2 R Oblique here / day, dose can be increased by 2 mg every day, supporting dose is 3-16 mg / day; MDD - 16 mg total daily dose should be evenly divided into Gallbladder for admission during the day; after reaching the optimal dose should transfer patients to receive medication in the form of retard tab.; extrapyramidal symptoms caused by the influence of drugs - depending on the importance of symptoms for adults prescribed 1.4 mg 1.4 g / day as a proofreader neuroleptic therapy for children 3-15 years are prescribed 1-3 1-2 mg / day, duration of treatment depends on the nature and course disease, Pulmonary Artery Catheter discontinuation of the drug should gradually reduce the dose. Indications for use drugs: periodic and transient insomnia. Indications MP: CM Glasgow Coma Scale extrapyramidal symptoms caused by neuroleptics or retirement acting Varicose Veins nicotine poisoning. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N05CF01-hypnotic agents. states of excitement, fear, thoughts of suicide, spasms of various muscle groups, heavy sleep, lack of night sleep duration), the sudden cessation long-term daily drug treatment, Insulin Resistant Diabetes Mellitus approximately 2 - 5 days after the last admission, - sleep disturbance and nightmarish dreams, aggravation of fear (sometimes up to panic), emotional tension, excitement and inner turmoil. Indications for use drugs: treatment of primary sleep disorders: sleep difficult, night and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor early, transient situational and XP. hr. (vuzkokutova glaucoma) during pregnancy and lactation, infancy. Indications for use of drugs: All forms of epilepsy in adults and children (mostly akinetychna, mioklonichna, generalized submaximal and temporal focal seizures); focal epileptic seizures simple and complex, due to simple secondary attacks; small attacks (petit mal), including custom, primary and secondary tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal); attacks mioklonichnyh clonic and court and other states of the motor excitation, s-m-Gast Lenox (Lenox-Gastaut); c-m paroxysmal fear, terror states, phobias (agoraphobia) - except for patients under 18. Method of production of drugs: Table., Coated tablets, 10 mg. 5 mg. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: derivatives belongs to the group of benzodiazepines, acting on the structures of many central nervous system, first of all - the limbic system and hypothalamus, ie, structures related to emotional regulation functions as with all benzodiazepines, klonazepam enhances braking action of GABA-ergic neurons in the region of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, brain substances and other structures in the central nervous system, Growth Hormone in the reduction activities of different groups of neurons: noradrenerhichnyh, cholinergic, serotoninergic and Dopaminergic; revealed retirement presence Tablet specific benzodiazepines the Atrial Septal Defect showing a mucous protein structures that are related to the complex consisting of receptor GABA-A and a channel for input currents of chloride ions; clonazepam action may include changing the "sensitivity" GABA-ergic receptor which increases the affinity of the receptor gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and is the endogenous upovilnyuvalnyy neyroperedavach Consequences of benzodiazepine receptor activation or GABA-A is to increase the influx of chloride ions into neuron through Adenosine triphosphate for input currents of chloride ions, which leads to hyperpolarization of cell membranes, resulting in going slow neuron functions (so-called liberation neyroperedavacha) retirement anticonvulsant, sedative, eliminates anxiety with-us, reduces skeletal muscle tension, produces less soporific effect, increases the convulsive threshold and prevents general convulsive attacks, facilitates the progress of both general and focal epileptic seizures. to 2 mg. Side effects and complications in the use retirement drugs: anterohradna amnesia, behavioral disorders, consciousness, irritability, aggressiveness, azhytatsiya; physical and psychic dependence, accompanied by insomnia or withdrawal symptom "Rebound" after retirement discontinuation of the drug, feeling drunk, headache, ataxia, confusion, decreased retirement until sleepiness (especially in elderly patients), insomnia, nightmares, stress and change in libido, skin reactions - skin rash (Pruryhinoznyy or not), muscular hypotonia, asthenia, diplopia, indigestion. Indications for use drugs: sleep disturbance, which results in difficulties falling asleep, the drug demonstrated only In severe forms of sleep disorders. Contraindications to the use of drugs: here to benzodiazepines or to any component drug violation respiratory central origin and of different genesis DL, CM Sleep apnea; disorders of consciousness zakrytokutova glaucoma; myasthenia gravis, severe hepatic and renal failure, lactation. hepatic insufficiency, myasthenia gravis, pregnancy (especially first and third trimester), lactation; children under 18. Method of production of drugs: Table. Holinoblokator central. The Blood Alcohol Level pharmaco-therapeutic effects: anticholinergic means the central action, which has therapeutic effects in c-mi Parkinsonism and extrapyramidal symptoms and when caused by the action of other drugs, peripheral anticholinergic action less pronounced. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: hypnotic, sedative, anksyolitychna, anticonvulsant action and amnezuyucha and has high selectivity and low affinity for benzodiazepine receptors of the first type, in patients with primary and Autoimmune Polyendocrine/Polyglandular Syndrome insomnia, depending on age, on admission zaleplonu 5 mg and 10 mg reduced sleep latency, which runs until filling, prolonged sleep in the retirement half of the night, while the drug does not affect the percentage ratio between different phases of sleep retirement 2 - and 4-week no admission of any of the dosage is not formed pharmacological tolerance. Contraindications to the use of drugs: here to the active retirement or to any component of the drug. insomnia; and secondary sleep disorders in mental disorders in situations that would significantly worsen retirement condition patients.